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IACS Develops New Wave Data Scatter Diagram

As part of IACS’ ongoing commitment to safe ships and clean seas, a long-term review of wave data has now concluded with the publication of a revised version (Rev.2) of IACS Recommendation No. 34 which provides advice on sea states as well as wave spectrum, spreading, heading distribution and vessel speed.

Accurate Wave data remains of paramount importance as this data is used to represent the ocean environment, underpinning wave load prescription, which in turn, greatly impacts hull structural requirements. IACS Recommendation No. 34 describes wave statistics intended for design of sea-going ships above 90 meters including the effect of bad weather avoidance. It is based on North Atlantic trade, which represents the most severe conditions ships tend to operate in.

Following indications that the representation of North Atlantic waves in the existing IACS Recommendation No. 34 may have become outdated, IACS began work in 2016 on a long-term review of wave data tasked with investigating if and how Recommendation No. 34 could be improved using more recent data sources, with modern data showing both an increase in mean significant wave height for the North Atlantic and that more extreme weather is being experienced in recent years, including the existence of rogue waves and the possible effects of climate change.

Several sources of wave data, including altimetry (measurements from satellite), hindcast model (re-analysis of past weather), and wave buoys were used to derive the scatter diagram from a combination of vessel tracks and hindcast wave data.  These new, more modern, data sources represent a significant improvement in the quality of data, given that previous wave data was collected in the second half of the 20th century from visual observations on board ships.

The IACS Project team Global hindcast datasets are built on global coverage over an extended period of time and have been analysed and validated through the use of measurements from buoys and altimeters. By taking into consideration publicly available AIS ship position data, this allowed the wave data to be mapped to actual ship position & time when generating the corresponding statistics whose analysis showed that bad weather avoidance had a significant impact on the wave statistics of the sea states encountered.

The resulting updated simple scatter diagram, using validated datasets of wave data and ship positions will facilitate more accurate estimation of design loads such as pressures, motions, accelerations, hull girder loads, all contributing to the improved standardisation of safety levels of the fleet. This data will be used by individual Classification Societies when reviewing their current rule requirements including, by IACS Members, for Common Structural Rules.  This significant new data source will also be of value to other industry stakeholders who use wave data for individual projects.

Commenting on the publication of this latest recommendation, IACS Secretary General, Robert Ashdown, said ‘This extensive, long-term project to update and improve one of the key data sources that go into modern ship design is indicative of IACS’ ongoing commitment to safer shipping and provides a valuable tool for all other stakeholders who rely on accurate wave data in their work’.

IACS PARTICIPATION AT SDC 9

Noting the work IACS Members undertake as Recognized Organizations of IMO Member States, verifying compliance of ships with the IMO agreed requirements, and with a view to achieve clarity for all parties, IACS has submitted or co-sponsored the following papers:

SDC 9/7/1 comments on the report of the Correspondence Group on “Safety Objective and Functional Requirements for the SOLAS chapter II-1”, as provided in document SDC 9/7, and recommends performing identification of the failure mode(s)/hazards(s) being addressed by the existing prescriptive regulations, to ensure the alternative design and arrangements requirements adequately consider the intent of the existing regulations.

SDC 9/10 clarifies the necessary documentation in order to support the Administration or RO in verifying compliance with SOLAS regulation II-1/3-8 and proposes an interpretation, as set out in the annex.

SDC 9/10/1 follows on IACS document SDC 8/10/7 and responds to the Sub-Committee’s invitation to further consider the applicability of prototype testing of bulkhead/deck penetrations to ship types (cargo ships and/or passenger ships). IACS review concluded that there is no similar requirement or related explanatory note for testing bulkhead penetrations on cargo ships, hence the new interpretation proposed by IACS is only applicable to passenger ships. The interpretation clarifies that SOLAS regulation II-1/13 should be applicable to heat sensitive piping systems and should not be applied to cable penetrations in watertight bulkheads and decks.

SDC 9/10/2 proposes a draft interpretation of amendments of SOLAS chapter II-1 adopted by resolutions MSC.474(102) and MSC.482(103), concerning the expressions “ships constructed before 1 January 2024” and “Multiple hold cargo ships other than bulk carriers and tankers constructed on or after 1 January 2024.

SDC 9/10/3 proposes a revision of the annex to the Unified Interpretations of the 2008 Intact Stability Code (MSC.1/Circ.1537/Rev.1) so that the scope of application of the specific down-flooding points (ventilators, fitted with weathertight closing appliances, serving machinery spaces that are required to remain open) mentioned in paragraph 2 applies to the entirety of the 2008 Intact Stability Code (parts A and B).

SDC 9/12 proposes a correction to paragraph 2.2.2 of the Revised performance standards for water level detectors on bulk carriers and single hold cargo ships other than bulk carriers (resolution MSC.188(79)/Rev.1) to clearly distinguish installation heights of detectors between requirements of applicable SOLAS regulations.

SDC 9/15 discusses the impact of the proposals against existing regulations, the lack of technical justification to apply new draft requirements to the family of bulk carriers and recommends that without clear justification for specific ship type(s) the Sub-Committee invites MSC to only note the proposals in document MSC 102/21/9/Rev.1.

IACS will also provide advice and comments to the Sub-Committee on a number of other issues, both in plenary and in the Working Groups that are expected to be established. IACS will contribute to the discussions also on agenda item 5 (Review of the guidelines for the reduction of underwater noise) and item 11 (Revision of the Interim explanatory notes for the assessment of passenger ship systems’ capabilities after a fire or flooding casualty (MSC.1/Circ.1369) and related circulars).

Any enquiries on the above should be sent to Konstantin Petrov, IACS Accredited Representative to IMO, at arimo@iacs.org.uk

IACS PARTICIPATION AT SSE 9

Noting the work IACS Members undertake as Recognized Organizations of IMO Member States, verifying compliance of ships with the IMO agreed requirements, and with a view to achieve clarity for all parties, IACS has submitted or co-sponsored the following papers:

SSE 9/14 proposes to amend the interpretation of the separation of galley ducts from spaces contained in MSC.1/Circ.1276, to align it with SOLAS, as amended by resolution MSC.365(93).

SSE 9/14/1 proposes a revised draft interpretation of SOLAS regulations II-2/19.3.4.1 and II-2/19.3.5.4, pertaining to required air changes for the carriage of dangerous goods.

SSE 9/14/2 provides a draft interpretation of SOLAS regulation II-2/9.7.4.5 focusing on the fire insulation requirements for vertical ducts which pass through both a bulkhead and a deck, without serving the spaces they pass through.

SSE 9/14/3 seeks clarification on the implementation of paragraphs 6.1.1.3 and 6.1.2.6 of the LSA Code in respect to the hoisting-up of a dedicated rescue boat on a cargo ship from its stowed position for subsequent slewing out to ship’s side, and proposes an interpretation, with a view towards facilitating universal and uniform application.

SSE 9/14/4 proposes amendments to MSC.1/Circ.1416/Rev.1 based on practical implementation of the interpretation, with a view to facilitating the universal and uniform implementation of requirements for “non-traditional steering systems”.

SSE 9/15/1 considers the alternatives to fluorinated fire-fighting foam concentrates available for inclusion in ships’ fire-fighting systems, and the intent of the PFOS ban approved by MSC 106; and comments on the draft revised text of MSC.1/Circ.1312, as being considered in document SSE 9/15 (Secretariat).

SSE 9/19/3 comments on document SSE 9/19 and presents further modifications to paragraph 4 of draft interim guidelines on safe operation of onshore power supply (OPS) service in port. The proposal is offered in the event that the original text for paragraphs 4.2 and 4.5 of the draft interim guidelines is not kept as appears in document SSE 8/18/1.

SSE 9/19/4 suggests due consideration of safety and environmental impacts with respect to pressure/vacuum (P/V) valves when amending MSC/Circ.677 regarding reference to ISO standard 15364.

IACS will also provide advice and comments to the Sub-Committee on a number of other issues, both in plenary and in the Working and Drafting Groups that are expected to be established.

Any enquiries on the above should be sent to Mr Konstantin Petrov, IACS Accredited Representative to IMO, at arimo@iacs.org.uk

IACS Adopts New Unified Requirement On Buckling Strength Assessment of Ship Structural Elements (UR S35)

Ship operations take place in hostile and corrosive environments meaning that the structural strength of the ship’s hull may deteriorate with time leading to buckling or structural instability.  Buckling has long been recognised as one of the main modes of failure of ship structural elements and IACS has, for many years, had in place a number of Resolutions to address this.

Recognising, however, that the rules for buckling varied across different IACS Unified Requirements (URs), such as S11, S11A, S21, S21A and Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers (CSR for BC & OT), in 2018 IACS agreed to develop a standalone Unified Requirement (UR) dedicated for buckling strength assessment using the net thickness approach.  This has resulted in the publication of UR S35 “Buckling Strength Assessment of Ship Structural Elements” which will enter into force on 1 July 2024.

The new harmonised methodology for buckling has been developed applying the toolbox in the Common Structural Rules (CSR) for Bulk Carriers & Oil Tankers which are widely accepted as being technically sound and which have been implemented, maintained and improved over the years with industry’s expertise and experience feeding into the continuous improvement of CSR.

In harmonising the buckling methodology, improvements have been made on the global elastic buckling mode for stiffened panels subject to combined loads (biaxial loads, in-plane shear force and lateral pressure), the torsional buckling mode for stiffeners, buckling strength of U-type stiffeners, plates with opening and also plate panels fitted with sniped stiffeners.

Thorough verification and consequence assessments have been carried out by extensive linear and nonlinear FE analyses, with the harmonised requirements showing increased accuracy and effectiveness.  The application of the buckling requirements such as scope, loading and permissible utilisation factor will be described in individual UR S series, e.g. in UR S21 on Evaluation of Scantlings of Hatch Covers and Hatch Coamings.

The new UR S35 will serve as an independent buckling toolbox regardless of ship types by collating, as far as possible general requirements on buckling together in one UR.  A further benefit arising from the development of UR S35, is to facilitate the merger of the UR S21 and UR S21A (which currently address different ship types) into a single UR S21 Rev.6 also with an entry-into-force date 01 July 2024 to align with that of UR S35.

Commenting on this new UR S35, IACS Secretary General, Robert Ashdown, said “the adoption of a unified approach to buckling is a significant step in making the rule application check of different ship types easier for Industry but also in enhancing the maintenance of future buckling rule improvements by IACS.  Furthermore, it also facilitates the further harmonisation of other relevant IACS resolutions that will also be of benefit to the industry.”

Contact: Robert Ashdown, IACS Secretary General
E: robertashdown@iacs.org.uk T: +44 (0) 20 7976 0660

International Association of Classification Societies
Permanent Secretariat 4 Matthew Parker Street, London, England SW1H 9NP

E: permsec@iacs.org.uk

T: +44 (0)20 7976 0660

Notes to Editors:

  1. Dedicated to safe ships and clean seas, the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) makes a unique contribution to maritime safety and regulation through technical support, compliance verification and research and development. More than 90% of the world’s cargo carrying tonnage is covered by the classification design, construction and through-life compliance Rules and standards set by the eleven Member Societies of IACS. 
  1. More information about IACS can be found by visiting iacs.org.uk and in our Annual Review available online at http://www.iacs.org.uk/about/iacs-annual-review/

IACS PARTICIPATION AT PPR 10

Noting the work IACS Members undertake as Recognized Organizations of IMO Member States, verifying compliance of ships with the IMO agreed requirements, and with a view to achieve clarity for all parties, IACS has submitted or co-sponsored the following papers:

PPR 10/14  proposes a draft unified interpretation for the form of the Bunker Delivery Note (BDN) referred to in regulation 18 (Fuel oil availability and quality) of MARPOL Annex VI, to confirm that BDNs are acceptable in either hard copy or digital form providing they meet the relevant requirements of MARPOL Annex VI.

PPR 10/17/2 addresses the issues of compliance with the sampling point location requirements in MEPC.1/Circ.864/Rev.1 related to the fuel oil lines serving the emergency generator. The paper considers the need to revise MEPC.1/Circ.864/Rev.1 to define alternative fuel oil sample point location arrangement for the tank serving the emergency generator.

IACS will also provide advice and comments to the Sub-Committee on a number of other issues, both in plenary and in the Working Groups that are expected to be established. IACS will contribute to the discussions also on agenda items 3, 5, 7 and 17.

Any enquiries on the above should be sent to Konstantin Petrov, IACS Accredited Representative to IMO, at arimo@iacs.org.uk

IACS PARTICIPATION AT NCSR 10

IACS has submitted/co-sponsored the following papers:

NCSR 10/16/3 proposes clarification of the application of the updated ISO 799:2019 standard, related to the existing footnote in the SOLAS consolidated edition 2020 where pilot ladders complying with ISO 799:2004 may need to be replaced with those complying with ISO 799:2019. In addition, potential modifications are proposed for MSC.1/Circ.1428 to be included in the poster to assist with the understanding of the IMO requirements.

NCSR 10/21/1 identifies gaps and/or inconsistencies existing in circular COMSAR.1/Circ.32/Rev.1 and proposes related amendments with a view towards uniform and universal implementation of GMDSS requirements.

IACS will also provide advice and comments to the Sub-Committee on items related to the development of guidelines for the use of electronic record books under SOLAS regulation V/28; pilot transfer arrangements and the  amendments to SOLAS regulation V/23 and resolution A.1045(27).

Any enquiries on the above should be sent to Mr Konstantin Petrov, IACS Accredited Representative to IMO, at arimo@iacs.org.uk.

IACS 2022 Annual Review published

IACS is pleased to announce that the 2022 IACS Annual Review is now available to download from our website at https://iacs.org.uk/about-us/annual-review

This year’s Annual Review includes a broad range of articles on IACS’ work in 2022, with a strong emphasis on the wide range of decarbonisation initiatives being led by IACS in support of practical implementation of existing measures as well as longer-term projects, along with our work at IMO highlighting the safety challenges that accompany the rapid introduction of new fuels and technologies.  Quality performance is another dominant theme while IACS’ unparalleled commitment to the full spectrum of IMO activity is also described as is IACS’ cross-industry collaboration across a range of key topics.

These themes are expanded upon in a series of detailed technical articles on wave data, ballast water, cyber safety and testing and maintenance services to name but a few.

The Annual Review also includes details of all the new, updated, and deleted IACS Resolutions in 2022, as well as information on IACS’ numerous submissions to IMO and our ‘Class Report’, which contains data on the IACS fleet.

Please do not hesitate to contact IACS Permanent Secretariat at permsec@iacs.org.uk if you would like a hard copy of the 2022 Annual Review.

/ Ends

Contact: Robert Ashdown, IACS Secretary General
E: robertashdown@iacs.org.uk T: +44 (0) 20 7976 0660

International Association of Classification Societies
Permanent Secretariat 4 Matthew Parker Street, London, England SW1H 9NP

E: permsec@iacs.org.uk

T: +44 (0)20 7976 0660

Notes to Editors:

  1. Dedicated to safe ships and clean seas, the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) makes a unique contribution to maritime safety and regulation through technical support, compliance verification and research and development. More than 90% of the world’s cargo carrying tonnage is covered by the classification design, construction and through-life compliance Rules and standards set by the twelve Member Societies of IACS. 
  1. More information about IACS can be found by visiting iacs.org.uk and in our Annual Review available online at https://iacs.org.uk/about-us/annual-review.

IACS UR E26 and E27 Press Release

In an increasingly digitalised and interconnected world, where the maritime industry continues to adopt, at pace, new digital technologies, it remains imperative to focus on cyber threats and attacks that could compromise operations, safety and data integrity.

To address the need to enhance the cyber resilience of ships, last year IACS published UR E26 “Cyber Resilience of Ships”, and UR E27, “Cyber Resilience of On-Board Systems and Equipment”, which applied to new ships from 1 January 2024.

Since the publication of these requirements, and as experience of cyber security oversight in the maritime sector grows, the need for a standardized approach to survey requirements has been identified along with further enhancements resulting from industry feedback.

Additionally, and to address the challenges regarding the implementation of new cyber requirements in smaller and non-conventional vessels, the scope of applicability of these URs have been categorised as mandatory and non-mandatory compliance depending on vessel types and sizes.

These improvements have resulted in extensive changes to the two URs and so they will now supersede the originals and will be applied to new ships contracted for construction on and after 1 July 2024.  To avoid confusion, the original versions, along with their previous application date of 1 Jan 2024, have been withdrawn. The revised version of URE27 is available on the IACS website (https://iacs.org.uk/resolutions/unified-requirements/ur-e).  The revised version of URE26 is still being finalized and will be published before the end of the year.

IACS Secretary General, Robert Ashdown, said ‘Incorporating industry feedback to ensure IACS requirements are clear in their applicability and are capable of being consistently applied in ship surveys, is important in ensuring that measures to enhance cyber resilience have the desired impact.  As a result, and given that the original requirements had not yet entered into force, IACS has decided to apply only the revised requirements from 1 July 2024.  It is believed that industry will welcome the clarity that this decision brings.’

Ends/

Contact: Robert Ashdown, IACS Secretary General
E: robertashdown@iacs.org.uk T: +44 (0) 20 7976 0660

International Association of Classification Societies
Permanent Secretariat 4 Matthew Parker Street, London, England SW1H 9NP

E: permsec@iacs.org.uk

T: +44 (0)20 7976 0660

Notes to Editors:

  1. Dedicated to safe ships and clean seas, the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) makes a unique contribution to maritime safety and regulation through technical support, compliance verification and research and development. More than 90% of the world’s cargo carrying tonnage is covered by the classification design, construction and through-life compliance Rules and standards set by the eleven Member Societies of IACS.
  1. IACS Unified Requirements are adopted resolutions on matters directly connected to or covered by specific Rule requirements and practices of classification societies and the general philosophy on which the rules and practices of classification societies are established. Unified Requirements are minimum requirements. Each Member remains free to set more stringent requirements.
  1. More information about IACS can be found by visiting iacs.org.uk and in our Annual Review available online at http://www.iacs.org.uk/about/iacs-annual-review/

Türk Loydu New Membership

IACS today welcomed Türk Loydu into membership, after a successful verification of their compliance with the IACS Membership Criteria.

Membership of IACS is dependent solely on meeting a range of qualitative criteria, including compliance with the industry’s gold-standard, Quality System Certification Scheme (QSCS).  Meeting this standard requires independent, external accreditation, vertical contract audits of a number of ships both in service and under construction as well as Head Office and Survey Location audits.  Applicants also need to demonstrate conformity with the functional requirements of the IMO’s Goal-based Ship Construction Standards for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers as well as a range of other criteria related to their ability to provide classification and statutory services and to support the full range of IACS’ activities.

This thorough and robust application process provides IACS with assurance that the entire Türk Loydu fleet is in full compliance with all IACS Resolutions, with the exception of some ships that are readily identifiable on the Türk Loydu website.  In accordance with IACS’ Membership criteria, these ships will also either become fully compliant within 3 years or will need to de-classified by Türk Loydu after that period.

During this time, Türk Loydu ’s status will be that of a non-voting member of IACS but meeting the same minimum quality standards and with equal rights of participation in all IACS working groups.

Türk Loydu ’s achievement in meeting the performance levels required of IACS members marks a further improvement in maritime safety by bringing their classed ships under the oversight of IACS’ rigorous QSCS regime.

IACS Chair, Nick Brown, welcomed Türk Loydu saying ‘I am pleased to see that Türk Loydu’s long-standing commitment to reaching the standards required of IACS Members has enabled them to join the Association.  I look forward to working with our new member as we address, collectively, the many challenges that face a maritime industry transitioning to new fuels, technologies and digital applications.’

Robert Ashdown, IACS Secretary General, stated ’I congratulate Türk Loydu on their achievement in becoming an IACS Member and thank their management and staff for the excellent cooperation displayed during the intensive application process.  Türk Loydu’s success demonstrates that IACS’ challenging but achievable Membership Criteria provide a catalyst for improving the quality of class societies and the consequent enhancement of maritime safety.’

 

Contact: Robert Ashdown, IACS Secretary General
E: robertashdown@iacs.org.uk T: +44 (0) 20 7976 0660

International Association of Classification Societies
Permanent Secretariat 4 Matthew Parker Street, London, England SW1H 9NP

E: permsec@iacs.org.uk

T: +44 (0)20 7976 0660

Notes to Editors:

  1. Dedicated to safe ships and clean seas, the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) makes a unique contribution to maritime safety and regulation through technical support, compliance verification and research and development. More than 90% of the world’s cargo carrying tonnage is covered by the classification design, construction and through-life compliance Rules and standards set by the twelve Member Societies of IACS.
  1. Türk Loydu is a global Classification Society and a Conformity Assessment Body. Türk Loydu was founded in 1962 and its headquarters is based in Istanbul, Türkiye. Türk Loydu provides a wide range of services, including classification of ships, statutory services, certification of marine products, certification of systems and personnel, industrial assessments, risk assessments, notified body activities, and all relevant certification services. For further information please contact: Mr. Mehmet Avci, External Affairs Manager mavci@turkloydu.org
  2. More details on IACS’ Commitment to Quality can be found at iacs.org.uk/quality/
  1. A list of Türk Loydu vessels that are not currently compliant with all IACS Resolutions can be found at https://www.turkloydu.org/en-us/customer-support-services/ship-information-system.aspx
  2. More information about IACS can be found by visiting iacs.org.uk and in our Annual Review available online at http://www.iacs.org.uk/about/iacs-annual-review/

Collaboration between IACS and Singapore MPA

  1. The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) and the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) have signed a Letter of Intent (LOI) to collaborate on various maritime digitalisation and decarbonisation initiatives.

 

  1. The LOI was signed by Mr Teo Eng Dih, Chief Executive of MPA and Mr Nick Brown, Council Chairman of IACS, at the sidelines of the 33rd session of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Assembly (A33) in London today.

 

  1. Under the LOI, both parties will consider the development of technical standards and unified requirements[1] to ensure that new maritime solutions are safely implemented. The LOI will focus on key areas such as smart and autonomous ships, digitalisation and cybersecurity, marine electrification, and the use of zero- and low-carbon fuels onboard vessels.

 

  1. As part of the collaboration, both parties will have regular information and knowledge exchange, including discussions on industry challenges and opportunities, standards, best practices, and emerging technologies.

 

  1. Mr Teo Eng Dih, Chief Executive, MPA, said, “As we advance and accelerate the development of new technologies and solutions which benefit the global maritime community, it is important for harmonised standards to be adopted to ensure that these solutions can be implemented safely. We look forward to contributing and working closely with IACS to shape and develop standards that can help to ensure the safety of seafarers and protection of the marine environment”.

 

  1. Mr Nick Brown, IACS Chair, stated “This novel arrangement with the Singapore MPA will assist IACS’ efforts to keep safety at the forefront of the decarbonisation agenda by facilitating access to the data and expertise of one of shipping’s key bunkering and global hub ports.  By looking at the entire future fuel supply chain, IACS will be better able to address all the risk and mitigation measures that will need to be implemented onboard vessels and so ensure that safety considerations are front and centre when evaluating the prioritisation and deployment of the new fuels and technologies necessary to support the industry’s transition to a decarbonised future.”

 

About the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA)

MPA was established on 2 February 1996 with the mission to develop Singapore as a premier global hub port and international maritime centre, and to advance and safeguard Singapore’s strategic maritime interests. MPA is the driving force behind Singapore’s port and maritime development, taking on the roles of port authority, maritime and port regulator and planner, international maritime centre champion, national maritime representative and a champion of digitalisation and decarbonisation efforts at regional and international fora such as at the International Maritime Organization. MPA partners industry, research community and other agencies to enhance safety, security and environmental protection in our waters, facilitate maritime and port operations and growth, expand the cluster of maritime ancillary services, and develops maritime digitalisation and decarbonisation policies and plans, R&D and manpower development. MPA is responsible for the overall development and growth of the maritime domain and Port of Singapore. In 2022, Singapore remained one of the world’s busiest transshipment hubs with a container throughput of 37.3 million 20-foot equivalent units (TEUs).

For more information, please visit https://www.mpa.gov.sg

For media enquiries, please contact:

Gerald Kheng

MPA Corporate Communications

Email: gerald_kheng@mpa.gov.sg

 

About IACS

Dedicated to safe ships and clean seas, the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) makes a unique contribution to maritime safety and regulation through technical support, compliance verification and research and development. More than 90% of the world’s cargo carrying tonnage is covered by the classification design, construction and through-life compliance Rules and standards set by the twelve Member Societies of IACS. More information about IACS can be found by visiting www.iacs.org.uk and in our Annual Review available online at http://www.iacs.org.uk/about/iacs-annual-review/

 For media enquiries, please contact:

Robert Ashdown

IACS Secretary General
Email: robertashdown@iacs.org.uk

T: +44 (0)20 7976 0660

 

[1] Unified requirements are adopted resolutions by IACS on matters directly connected to or covered by specific rule requirements and practices of classification societies and the general philosophy on which the rules and practices of classification societies are established.